Benito Mussolini

Left eye and brow are set lower on left side of face. Brow muscles are pinched. The mouth is pinched to form a subtle pout. The face is artificially posed. The subject is trying to appear serious, even stern. He wants to be taken seriously. The lower eye muscles are not activated. He appears to be humourless. The lower lip creases appear to be permanent, suggesting the ongoing outward personality of pomposity, inflated ego, superiority complex. "The superiority complex is one of the ways which a person with an inferiority complex may use as a method of escape from his difficulties. He assumes that he is superior when he is not, and this false success compensates him for the state of inferiority which he cannot bear. The normal person does not have a superiority complex, he does not even have a sense of superiority. He has the striving to be superior in the sense that we all have ambition to be successful; but so long as this striving is expressed in work it does not lead to false valuations, which are at the root of mental disease. (Alfred Adler)